John O. Honnold
3rd edition (1999)
| CASE-LAW: BIBLIOGRAPHY | |
| A. Case-law; Discovery Tools | |
| B. Bibliographic Resources; Books and Reports | |
| C. Conventions; Statutes | |
| D. Periodicals: Abbreviations | |
| E. Legislative History of the Convention | |
| I. OVERVIEW | Section number |
CHAPTER 1. THE 1980 CONVENTION: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION |
|
| A. Primary Role of the Contract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 2 |
| B. Major Contours of the Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 3 |
| C. Development of the Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 4 |
(1) Origins: The 1964 Hague Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4 |
| (2) Worldwide Sponsorship: UNCITRAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 5 |
| (a) The Commission: Structure and Working Methods . . . . . . . . . . | 6 |
| (b) The Representatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 7 |
| (c) The Secretariat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
(3) UNCITRAL and a New Convention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
9 |
| (4) The Diplomatic Conference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
| CHAPTER 2. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE 1980 CONVENTION | |
| A. Scope of the Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 12 |
| B. Interpretation of the Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
| C. Formation of the Contract: Part II of the Convention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 22 |
| D. The Sale of Goods: Part III of the Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
| E. An Invisible Gain: The Omission of "Awesome Relics". . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 30 |
II. COMMENTARY | |
| PART I: SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS | 35 |
| CHAPTER I: SPHERE OF APPLICATION | |
| ARTICLE 1: Basic rules on applicability: Internationality; Relation to Contracting State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 |
| ARTICLE 2. Exclusions from the Convention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 49 |
| ARTICLE 3. Goods to be manufactered; Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 57 |
| ARTICLE 4. Validity; Property interests of third persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 62 |
ARTICLE 5. Death or personal injury; "Product liability". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
71 |
| ARTICLE 6. The contract and the Convention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 74 |
| CHAPTER II: GENERAL PROVISIONS | |
| ARTICLE 7. Interpretation of the Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 85 |
| ARTICLE 8. Interpretation of statements or conduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 106 |
| ARTICLE 9. Usages and practices applicable to contract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 112 |
| ARTICLE 10. Definition of "place of business". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 123 |
| ARTICLE 11. Domestic formal requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 126 |
| ARTICLE 12. Declaration preserving domestic formal requirements. . . . . . . . . | 128 |
ARTICLE 13. Telegram and telex as a "writing". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
130 |
| PART II: FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT | |
| ARTICLE 14. Criteria for an offer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 133 |
| ARTICLE 15. When offer becomes effective: prior withdrawal. . . . . . . . . . . . . | 138 |
| ARTICLE 16. Revocability of offer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 139 |
ARTICLE 17. Rejection of offer followed by acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
152 |
| ARTICLE 18. Acceptance: time and manner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 157 |
| ARTICLE 19. "Acceptance" with modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 165 |
| ARTICLE 20. Offeror’s time-limits for acceptance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 171 |
| ARTICLE 21. Late acceptances: response by offeror. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 172 |
| ARTICLE 22. Withdrawal of acceptance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 177 |
ARTICLE 23. Effect of acceptance: time of conclusion of contract . . . . . . . . . . |
178 |
| ARTICLE 24. When communication "reaches" the addressee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 179 |
| PART III: SALE OF GOODS | |
| CHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS | |
| ARTICLE 25. Definition of "fundamental breach". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 181 |
| ARTICLE 26. Notice of avoidance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 187 |
| ARTICLE 27. Delay or error in communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 188 |
| ARTICLE 28. Requiring performance and the rules of the forum . . . . . . . . . . . | 191 |
ARTICLE 29. Modification of contract; requirement of a writing . . . . . . . . . . . |
200 |
| CHAPTER II: OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER | |
| ARTICLE 30. Summary of seller’s obligations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 206 |
| SECTION I: DELIVERY OF THE GOODS AND HANDING OVER OF DOCUMENTS | |
| ARTICLE 31. Place for delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 207 |
| ARTICLE 32. Shipping arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 212 |
| ARTICLE 33. Time for delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 216 |
ARTICLE 34. Documents relating to the goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
217 |
| SECTION II: CONFORMITY OF THE GOODS AND THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS | |
| ARTICLE 35. Conformity of the goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 222 |
| ARTICLE 36. Damage to goods: effect on conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 241 |
| ARTICLE 37. Cure up to the date for delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 244 |
| ARTICLE 38. Time for examining the goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 249 |
| ARTICLE 39. Notice of lack of conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 254 |
| ARTICLE 40. Seller’s knowledge of non-conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 254 |
| ARTICLE 44. Excuse for failure to notify. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 254 |
| ARTICLE 41. Third-party claims to goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 262 |
ARTICLE 42. Third-party claims based on a patent or other intellectual property |
267 |
| ARTICLE 43. Notice of third-party claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 271 |
| ARTICLE 44. (See discussion combined with Arts. 39 and 40, at §261) . . . . . | |
| SECTION III: REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT BY THE SELLER | |
| ARTICLE 45. A round-up of remedies available to buyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 275 |
| ARTICLE 46. Buyer’s right to compel performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 279 |
ARTICLE 47. Buyer’s notice fixing additional final period for performance . . . |
287 |
| ARTICLE 48. Cure after date for delivery; requests for clarification. . . . . . . . . | 292 |
| ARTICLE 49. Buyer’s right to avoid the contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 301 |
| ARTICLE 50. Reduction of the price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 309 |
ARTICLE 51. Non-conformity of part of the goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
314 |
| ARTICLE 52. Early delivery; excess quantity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 318 |
| CHAPTER III: OBLIGATIONS OF THE BUYER | |
| ARTICLE 53. Summary of buyer’s obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 318 |
| SECTION I: PAYMENT OF THE PRICE | |
| ARTICLE 54. Enabling steps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 323 |
| ARTICLE 55. Open-price contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 324 |
| ARTICLE 56. Net weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 328 |
ARTICLE 57. Place for payment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
329 |
| ARTICLE 58. Time for payment; inspection of goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 333 |
| ARTICLE 59. Payment due without request. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 340 |
| SECTION II: TAKING DELIVERY | |
| ARTICLE 60. Buyer’s obligation to take delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 341 |
| SECTION III: REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT BY THE BUYER | |
ARTICLE 61. Remedies available to seller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
344 |
| ARTICLE 62. Seller’s right to compel performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 345 |
| ARTICLE 63. Seller’s notice fixing additional final period for performance . . . . | 350 |
| ARTICLE 64. Seller’s right to avoid the contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 353 |
| ARTICLE 65. Seller’s notice supplying missing specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 354 |
| CHAPTER IV: PASSING OF RISK | |
ARTICLE 66. Loss or damage after risk has passed to buyer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
360 |
| ARTICLE 67. Risk when contract involves carriage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 363 |
| ARTICLE 68. Sale of goods during transit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 372 |
| ARTICLE 69. General residual rules on risk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 373 |
| ARTICLE 70. Risk when seller is in breach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 379 |
CHAPTER V: PROVISIONS COMMON TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER AND OF THE BUYER |
|
| SECTION I: ANTICIPATORY BREACH AND INSTALMENT CONTRACTS | |
| ARTICLE 71. Suspension of performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 385 |
| ARTICLE 72. Avoidance before date for performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 395 |
| ARTICLE 73. Avoidance in instalment contracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 399 |
SECTION II: DAMAGES |
|
| ARTICLE 74. General rule for measuring damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 403 |
| ARTICLES 75 and 76. Measurement of damages when contract is avoided . . | 409 |
| ARTICLE 77. Mitigation of damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 416 |
| SECTION III: INTEREST | |
| ARTICLE 78. Interest on sums in arrears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 420 |
| SECTION IV: EXEMPTIONS | |
ARTICLE 79. Impediment excusing party from damages ("force majeure"). . . . |
423 |
| ARTICLE 80. Failure of performance caused by other party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 436 |
| SECTION V: EFFECTS OF AVOIDANCE | |
| ARTICLE 81. Effect of avoidance on obligations: arbitration; restitution . . . . . . | 439 |
| ARTICLE 82. Buyer’s inability to return goods in same condition. . . . . . . . . . . | 445 |
| ARTICLE 83. Preservation of other remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 449 |
ARTICLE 84. Restitution of benefits received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
450 |
| SECTION VI: PRESERVATION OF THE GOODS | |
| ARTICLE 85. Seller’s duty to preserve goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 454 |
| ARTICLE 86. Buyer’s duty to preserve goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 455 |
| ARTICLE 87. Deposit in warehouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 456 |
ARTICLE 88. Sale of the goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
457 |
| PART IV: FINAL PROVISIONS |
|
| Introduction to Part IV of the Convention | |
| A. Overview of Part IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 458 |
| B. Development of Part IV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 459 |
| C. Discussion of Salient Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 461 |
| APPENDICES | |
| A. Text of Convention | |
| B. Table of Contracting States | |
| C. Abbreviations: Judicial and Arbitral Decisions |
Pace Law School Institute of International Commercial Law
- Last updated February 22, 2005